Achieving a healthy weight is a critical step for couples planning to conceive, as obesity significantly impacts fertility and pregnancy outcomes. In women, obesity can disrupt menstrual cycles, cause ovulation disorders, and lead to infertility. It increases the risk of pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, miscarriage, preterm birth, and stillbirth. Postpartum risks, including infections and sepsis, are also elevated. For those with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), obesity compounds the challenge, with insulin resistance further impairing ovulation and conception. Hormonal imbalances and oxidative stress associated with obesity damage egg quality and reduce the uterine lining’s receptivity, complicating implantation.
Men are equally affected, as obesity lowers testosterone levels, causes erectile dysfunction, and impairs sperm quality and quantity. Damage at the molecular level can lead to subfertility and increase the risk of fetal abnormalities or miscarriage. These effects underscore the need for both partners to prioritize health before conception. Beyond the physical challenges, excess weight creates a chronic inflammatory state that disrupts reproductive processes, affecting overall fertility in both genders.
Lifestyle changes, including weight loss, physical activity, and balanced nutrition, offer an effective solution to counter the negative impacts of obesity. Reducing Body Mass Index (BMI) helps correct hormonal and metabolic disturbances, improving egg and sperm quality and enhancing fertility outcomes. For couples, adopting healthier habits not only increases the chances of conception but also ensures a safer pregnancy journey and better health for the child.
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