Male infertility arises from issues in sperm production, function, or delivery, explains a medical expert. Key factors contributing to reduced fertility include low sperm count, poor motility, and abnormal morphology. Hormonal imbalances, such as reduced testosterone levels, can impair sperm production. Structural challenges, including varicoceles (swollen veins in the scrotum) or blockages in the reproductive tract, may also obstruct sperm delivery. Unhealthy lifestyle habits—smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, and stress—exacerbate fertility problems, while environmental exposure to heat or harmful chemicals can further compromise sperm quality.
Other Causes of Male Infertility
Infections, genetic disorders, and medical conditions such as retrograde ejaculation or erectile dysfunction also play a significant role in male infertility. Addressing these conditions is essential for successful conception and effective treatment outcomes.
Specific Conditions Affecting Male Fertility
Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT):
This condition combines three sperm abnormalities—low count (oligozoospermia), poor motility (asthenozoospermia), and irregular shape (teratozoospermia). Diagnosed through semen analysis, OAT may present with one or a combination of these issues.
Azoospermia:
Azoospermia is the absence of sperm in semen, despite normal sexual function. It is categorized as either obstructive, caused by a physical blockage, or non-obstructive, resulting from the testicles’ inability to produce sufficient sperm.
Treatment and Advanced Options
Treatment for male infertility depends on its root cause. According to Dr. Sathe, lifestyle adjustments such as a nutritious diet, regular exercise, and abstaining from smoking or alcohol may improve fertility. In some cases, medications or hormone therapy are effective. Advanced reproductive technologies (ART) like intrauterine insemination (IUI), in-vitro fertilization (IVF), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) provide hope for couples facing infertility challenges.
“Procedures like testicular sperm extraction (TESE) and ICSI address specific fertility issues, offering tailored solutions for men dealing with severe infertility,” notes the doctor. With timely intervention and the right treatment plan, many couples can achieve their dream of parenthood.
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