Infertility is becoming an increasing concern worldwide, with various causes that are sometimes overlooked. One such cause is Genital Tuberculosis (GTB), a lesser-known form of tuberculosis that affects the reproductive organs and can significantly impact fertility.
Dr. Chinmayie, MBBS, MS (OBG), FRM, and Senior Consultant Fertility Specialist at Oasis Fertility, explains that GTB, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, can spread through the bloodstream and affect the reproductive system. In women, it can damage the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes, while in men, it can harm the prostate and epididymis.
Although GTB is more common in developing countries, it is often misdiagnosed because it doesn’t show the typical tuberculosis symptoms like chronic cough or fever. Many cases are only discovered when people experience unexplained infertility.
How Genital Tuberculosis Affects Fertility
In women, GTB can cause:
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Blocked fallopian tubes, leading to tubal infertility
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Scarring of the uterus, which reduces the chances of successful embryo implantation
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Pelvic pain, irregular menstrual cycles, and abnormal vaginal discharge
In men, GTB can result in:
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Damage to the prostate and epididymis, affecting sperm production
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Low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or dysfunction
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Possible erectile dysfunction, which is often mistaken for other conditions
Diagnosing Genital Tuberculosis
To diagnose GTB, specialized tests are needed, including:
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Ultrasound & Hysterosalpingography (HSG): These tests detect uterine abnormalities and tubal blockages.
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Laparoscopy or Biopsy: These procedures confirm the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Semen Analysis: This test evaluates sperm health in men.
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PCR & Culture Tests: These tests identify tuberculosis infection in reproductive organs.
Treatment and Hope for Fertility Restoration
The good news is that GTB is treatable with antibiotics, and fertility can often be restored if diagnosed early. In more severe cases, surgery on the fallopian tubes or assisted reproductive technologies (ART), such as IVF, can help repair the damage caused by the infection.
The Need for Awareness
If untreated, GTB can lead to permanent infertility. Raising awareness about this condition is essential for proper screening of individuals experiencing unexplained infertility.
Genital tuberculosis is a hidden cause of infertility that often goes undiagnosed. By increasing awareness, promoting early diagnosis, and providing the right treatments, many individuals affected by GTB can regain their fertility and achieve their dreams of parenthood.
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