High Blood Pressure and Fertility: What Couples Need to Know Before Trying to Conceive
High blood pressure, or hypertension, is widely recognized for its effects on heart health. But growing research shows that it can also impact fertility and pregnancy outcomes. As more couples turn to treatments like In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), understanding how conditions like hypertension affect reproduction is becoming increasingly important.
How Hypertension Impacts Fertility
According to Dr. Rashmi Sharma, Director and Head of the IVF Department at Origyn IVF Fertility, high blood pressure can reduce a woman’s chances of conceiving naturally. “If hypertension is ongoing, it can reduce blood flow to the ovaries and uterus,” she explained. “This may harm ovarian function and lower the ability of the uterine lining to support pregnancy.”
Men are not immune to these effects. “Some men with high blood pressure may have lower sperm quality and weaker sperm motility,” Dr. Sharma added. “This can contribute to subfertility.”
In addition, certain blood pressure medications can interfere with reproductive health. “Not all medications are harmful,” she noted, “but anyone being treated for hypertension should get a fertility evaluation before trying to conceive.”
Hypertension and IVF Success
When it comes to IVF and other advanced fertility treatments, blood pressure plays a crucial role. Dr. Sharma pointed out that women with poorly controlled hypertension may have lower chances of embryo implantation. There may also be a higher risk of miscarriage.
“Hypertension can affect the metabolic health of the uterus and how well the placenta forms,” she said. “These are essential for a successful IVF outcome.”
Conditions related to high blood pressure—such as preeclampsia or chronic kidney disease—can also make fertility treatment riskier. However, Dr. Sharma stressed that when blood pressure is closely monitored and managed, patients can still have successful IVF outcomes. Personalized care is key.
Risks During Pregnancy
High blood pressure during pregnancy carries its own risks. Women with chronic hypertension face increased chances of placental abruption, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Preeclampsia, a dangerous condition involving high blood pressure and organ problems, is another major concern.
“Women undergoing IVF may be at even greater risk for these issues,” said Dr. Sharma. “This is often because they are older or have other fertility challenges.”
Still, many women with hypertension go on to have healthy pregnancies. “With proper medical care, lifestyle changes, and the right medications, many can safely carry to term,” she emphasized.
The Bottom Line for Couples
Dr. Sharma wants couples to know that high blood pressure doesn’t mean the end of their fertility journey. “It adds complexity,” she said, “but it does not eliminate the chance to conceive naturally or through IVF.”
She advised couples, especially those facing infertility and chronic illnesses, to see a fertility specialist. “Getting a personalized treatment plan can help manage both the medical condition and improve the chances of pregnancy,” she said.
Related topics:
