Male infertility is a major factor in about half of all infertility cases, and Tuberculosis (TB) is often an overlooked cause. While lifestyle, diet, and stress are commonly linked to infertility, TB can also play a significant role. Understanding the connection between TB and male infertility is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Dr. Karne explains, “Semen analysis is a key diagnostic tool for identifying male infertility. It evaluates sperm quality through morphology (size and shape), motility (movement), and count.
A semen analysis can detect abnormal sperm parameters, which might lead to further investigation into potential causes like infections, hormonal imbalances, or structural issues.
If TB is suspected, additional tests may be necessary. Ultrasound, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing, and semen culture can identify signs of infection or inflammation in the reproductive organs. If TB is confirmed, antibiotics are required for treatment.
Challenges in Diagnosing TB-Related Infertility
TB-related infertility symptoms can be mild or even absent. “Some men may show no obvious symptoms of infection, making diagnosis difficult. Others might experience fever or scrotal pain, but these aren’t definitive signs of TB,” says Dr. Karne. TB is often not considered a primary cause of infertility until other potential causes are ruled out.
TB can remain dormant for years, which complicates detection. Therefore, healthcare providers must remain vigilant and consider TB as a possible cause, especially in areas where the infection is more common.
Is TB-Related Infertility Treatable?
The good news is that infertility caused by TB is treatable. If diagnosed early, antibiotics can eliminate the infection and often restore fertility. However, untreated TB can lead to permanent infertility.
According to the Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences, early detection and treatment with antitubercular medications can improve sperm quality or even reverse azoospermia (the absence of sperm). However, if the disease is advanced, blockages in the reproductive organs may make treatment more difficult.
Dr. Karne adds, “In cases with severe damage, Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) like In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) or sperm retrieval may be needed to help men with damaged reproductive organs have children.
Conclusion
While TB is not the most common cause of male infertility, it can significantly affect sperm quality and reproductive health. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for reversing infertility. Men with unexplained infertility should work closely with their healthcare provider to explore all possible causes, including TB, and develop an effective treatment plan.
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