A new study suggests an increase in the number of women seeking abortions despite using “natural” methods, such as fertility tracking apps, to prevent pregnancy. The research, published in BMJ Sexual and Reproductive Health, highlights a notable shift in contraception trends over the past five years in England and Wales. Women are moving away from more reliable hormonal contraceptives, like the pill, and toward fertility awareness-based methods.
The study found that the use of hormonal methods, including the mini pill, declined from 19% in 2018 to 11% in 2023. In contrast, the use of natural methods, such as fertility apps, increased from 0.4% to 2.5%. While the use of these methods remains a minority, experts consider this rise significant and warranting further investigation.
Fertility apps track a woman’s fertile days to help predict when she is most likely to conceive. These apps often rely on body temperature readings to predict ovulation. Companies claim that when used correctly, fertility apps can be as much as 93% effective. However, the NHS warns that if the instructions are not followed precisely, the effectiveness drops to just 76%. This means 24 out of every 100 women could become pregnant in a year of using the app incorrectly.
In comparison, the pill and mini pill are 91% effective with typical use and 99% effective with perfect use. Long-acting methods like hormonal coils and implants are 99% effective, regardless of user action.
The research team from NHS Forth Valley and the University of Edinburgh analyzed data from over 33,000 women in 2018 and more than 55,000 women in 2023. The findings also revealed that more women reported not using any contraception at all, rising from 56% in 2018 to 70% in 2023.
Though the exact reasons for the trends are unclear, the study’s authors suggest that limited access to sexual health services during the COVID-19 pandemic could have played a role. Dr. Rosie McNee, the study’s lead researcher, expressed concern about the rise of e-health tools like fertility apps and period trackers, which have exploded in popularity but may not always provide reliable information. She pointed out that many apps focus on period tracking rather than fertility or family planning.
The increased use of fertility awareness methods could also be linked to social media trends. Tanya Lane, from MSI Reproductive Choices UK, noted that platforms like TikTok have contributed to the growing popularity of fertility apps, with influencers promoting these methods. Additionally, long waiting times for GP appointments and sexual health clinics may lead some women to turn to these methods as an alternative.
Experts recommend that women considering fertility tracking speak to a healthcare professional to fully understand the effectiveness and risks of these methods. Dr. Melanie Davis-Hall of The Lowdown emphasized the need to reduce misinformation surrounding fertility apps and to clarify their limitations as contraception.
Concerns over the side effects of hormonal contraception, as well as a lack of new contraceptive methods in the past 50 years, could also be contributing factors. Paula Baraitser from SH:24 argued that people’s experiences with hormonal contraception vary greatly, and a wider range of options is needed.
Sexual health charity Brook noted that many women use hormonal contraception not just for pregnancy prevention but to manage menstrual health. Lisa Hallgarten from Brook stressed the importance of considering these broader benefits when discussing contraceptive options.
This shift in contraceptive use underscores the need for comprehensive information and better access to healthcare options for women.
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