Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can cause symptoms such as frequent urges to urinate and pressure in the groin area. These symptoms vary depending on the infection’s location in the urinary tract, which can range from the urethra to the kidneys.
Bladder infections are the most common, but kidney infections, though rarer, are more severe. The term “UTI” is often used to refer to bladder infections. While men can get UTIs, they are far less common due to the longer male urethra, which provides more resistance to bacterial infections.
Key Risk Factors for UTIs
Several factors increase the risk of developing a UTI. Age is a significant factor, especially after menopause. Changes in estrogen levels affect vaginal tissue and the urinary tract, making women more susceptible. Sexual activity also increases the risk because bacteria can more easily enter the urethra during intercourse. However, UTIs are not classified as sexually transmitted infections.
Other risk factors include medical conditions like poorly controlled diabetes or the use of immunosuppressive medications, which weaken the body’s defenses. A history of UTIs, pregnancy, and hygiene issues, especially in children learning to use the bathroom, can also raise the risk.
Treating UTIs
Fortunately, relief from UTIs is possible. Drinking more fluids can help flush the bladder, and over-the-counter pain relievers like AZO (phenazopyridine) can ease discomfort. However, if symptoms persist beyond 24 hours, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider. Many clinics, such as MUSC, offer telemedicine consultations for UTIs, making it easier to receive a diagnosis and prescription for antibiotics without an in-person visit.
Preventing UTIs
There are several preventative measures people can take to reduce the risk of UTIs. These include urinating after sex, wiping from front to back, staying hydrated, and taking showers instead of baths.
Supplements may also help prevent UTIs. Cranberry tablets and D-mannose, a type of carbohydrate, are the most commonly recommended. These supplements work by preventing bacteria from adhering to bladder cells, which can lead to infections.
For postmenopausal women, low-dose vaginal estrogen has proven more effective than over-the-counter supplements. It helps promote beneficial bacteria in the vaginal area, which creates an environment that is less welcoming to harmful bacteria.
By following these guidelines and seeking prompt treatment when necessary, most people can manage and prevent UTIs effectively.
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